Перевод и анализ слов искусственным интеллектом ChatGPT
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- этимология
brown rat - перевод на итальянский
![Comparison of the physique of a [[black rat]] (''Rattus rattus'') with a brown rat (''Rattus norvegicus'')](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Comparison Black Rat Brown Rat EN.svg?width=200 "Comparison of the physique of a [[black rat]] (''Rattus rattus'') with a brown rat (''Rattus norvegicus'')")
![East Village]] of New York City](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/NYC Rat in a Flowerbox by David Shankbone.jpg?width=200 "East Village]] of New York City")
 (1980) Fig. 85.png?width=200 "Brown rat skull")
![dun horse]] on the wall of [[Lascaux Cave]] in France.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lascaux2.jpg?width=200 "dun horse]] on the wall of [[Lascaux Cave]] in France.")
![Tomb of [[Userhet]], 1300 BC. Brown was widely used in Ancient Egypt to represent skin color.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maler der Grabkammer des Userhêt (II) 001.jpg?width=200 "Tomb of [[Userhet]], 1300 BC. Brown was widely used in Ancient Egypt to represent skin color.")
![A tan [[terracotta]] background on a Greek [[amphora]] with the figures of Hercules and Apollo. (about 720 BC).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antimenes Painter - Black-figure Amphora with Herakles and Apollo Fighting Over the Tripod - Walters 4821 - Detail B.jpg?width=200 "A tan [[terracotta]] background on a Greek [[amphora]] with the figures of Hercules and Apollo. (about 720 BC).")
![[[Mary I of England]] (1554)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maria Tudor1.jpg?width=200 "[[Mary I of England]] (1554)")
![Self-portrait of [[Rembrandt]]. The older Rembrandt became the more brown he used in his paintings.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rembrandt van Rijn - Self-Portrait - Google Art Project.jpg?width=200 "Self-portrait of [[Rembrandt]]. The older Rembrandt became the more brown he used in his paintings.")
![[[Anthony van Dyck]], like Rembrandt, was attached to the pigment called Cassel earth or Cologne earth; it became known as Van Dyck brown.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anthonis van Dyck Self Portrait.jpg?width=200 "[[Anthony van Dyck]], like Rembrandt, was attached to the pigment called Cassel earth or Cologne earth; it became known as Van Dyck brown.")
![[[Natalya Naryshkina]], [[Tsaritsa]] of Russia (late 17th century)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait of Tsaritsa Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina - Google Cultural Institute.jpg?width=200 "[[Natalya Naryshkina]], [[Tsaritsa]] of Russia (late 17th century)")
![Portugal and Brazil]] (later Emperor [[Pedro I of Brazil]] and King of Portugal as Pedro IV), by [[Benedito Calixto]] (1822).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jesus, Benedito Calixto de - Retrato de Dom Pedro I.jpg?width=200 "Portugal and Brazil]] (later Emperor [[Pedro I of Brazil]] and King of Portugal as Pedro IV), by [[Benedito Calixto]] (1822).")
.jpg?width=200 "''Words of the Devil'', by Paul Gauguin (1892).")
![Uniform of the [[Hitler Youth]] movement in the 1930s.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/HJ Uniform.jpg?width=200 "Uniform of the [[Hitler Youth]] movement in the 1930s.")
![[[Iron oxide]] is the most common ingredient in brown pigments.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/IronOxidePigmentUSGOV.jpg?width=200 "[[Iron oxide]] is the most common ingredient in brown pigments.")
![[[Limonite]] is a form of yellowish iron ore. A clay of limonite rich in iron oxide is the source of raw sienna and burnt sienna.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LimoniteUSGOV.jpg?width=200 "[[Limonite]] is a form of yellowish iron ore. A clay of limonite rich in iron oxide is the source of raw sienna and burnt sienna.")
![Natural or raw [[umber]] pigment is clay rich in [[iron oxide]] and [[manganese]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Terra ombra naturale umber.jpg?width=200 "Natural or raw [[umber]] pigment is clay rich in [[iron oxide]] and [[manganese]].")
![Burnt [[sienna]] pigment, from the region around [[Siena]] in [[Tuscany]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pigment sienna burnt iconofile.jpg?width=200 "Burnt [[sienna]] pigment, from the region around [[Siena]] in [[Tuscany]]")
![A dark brown iris is most common in [[East Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], and [[South Asia]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Epicanthic KR03.jpg?width=200 "A dark brown iris is most common in [[East Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], and [[South Asia]].")
![A light brown iris is most common in [[North Africa]], [[Eastern Europe]], the [[Americas]] and [[West Asia]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hazel eyes S7307583.jpg?width=200 "A light brown iris is most common in [[North Africa]], [[Eastern Europe]], the [[Americas]] and [[West Asia]].")
![Brown hair with highlights. [[Nadeeka Perera]], a fashion model](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nadeeka Perera.jpg?width=200 "Brown hair with highlights. [[Nadeeka Perera]], a fashion model")
![[[Auburn hair]] is a reddish brown. This is actress [[Susan Sarandon]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Susan Sarandon 3 by David Shankbone.jpg?width=200 "[[Auburn hair]] is a reddish brown. This is actress [[Susan Sarandon]].")
![Chestnut color hair also has a reddish tint, but is less red and more brown than auburn hair. This is German singer [[Yvonne Catterfeld]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yvonne Catterfeld.jpg?width=200 "Chestnut color hair also has a reddish tint, but is less red and more brown than auburn hair. This is German singer [[Yvonne Catterfeld]].")
![A typical soil profile; dark-brown [[topsoil]]s, rich with organic matter, above reddish-brown lower layers.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Soil profile.png?width=200 "A typical soil profile; dark-brown [[topsoil]]s, rich with organic matter, above reddish-brown lower layers.")
![A profile of layers of [[Mollisols]], the soil type found in the [[Great Plains]] of the U.S., the [[Pampas]] in Argentina, and the Russian Steppes.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mollisol.jpg?width=200 "A profile of layers of [[Mollisols]], the soil type found in the [[Great Plains]] of the U.S., the [[Pampas]] in Argentina, and the Russian Steppes.")
![A landscape of [[loess]] soil in [[Datong]], [[Shanxi]], China. Loess originated as windblown silt. It is very fertile but erodes easily.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Loess landscape china.jpg?width=200 "A landscape of [[loess]] soil in [[Datong]], [[Shanxi]], China. Loess originated as windblown silt. It is very fertile but erodes easily.")
![A stack of [[peat]] cut from the Earth in the Outer [[Hebrides]], [[Scotland]]. Peat is partially decayed vegetative matter.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peat-Stack in Ness, Outer Hebrides, Scotland.jpg?width=200 "A stack of [[peat]] cut from the Earth in the Outer [[Hebrides]], [[Scotland]]. Peat is partially decayed vegetative matter.")
![The [[brown bear]] is found across Eurasia and North America.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brown bear.jpg?width=200 "The [[brown bear]] is found across Eurasia and North America.")
![tawny]] takes its name from the old French word ''tané'', which means to tan leather. The same word is the root of suntan and the color tan.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tawny owl at night (42511916510).jpg?width=200 "tawny]] takes its name from the old French word ''tané'', which means to tan leather. The same word is the root of suntan and the color tan.")
![The fur of the [[snowshoe hare]] is brown in the summer and turns white in winter, as a form of all-season natural [[camouflage]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lepus americanus 5459 cropped.jpg?width=200 "The fur of the [[snowshoe hare]] is brown in the summer and turns white in winter, as a form of all-season natural [[camouflage]].")
![Camel]] is an effective color for camouflage in the [[Sahara desert]], and is also a popular color for blankets and winter overcoats.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Camelcalf-feeding.jpg?width=200 "Camel]] is an effective color for camouflage in the [[Sahara desert]], and is also a popular color for blankets and winter overcoats.")
 by A C Lovett.jpg?width=200 "The khaki uniforms of Indian soldiers in British India.")
![General [[Douglas MacArthur]] in Khaki on August 2, 1945.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MacArthur Manila.jpg?width=200 "General [[Douglas MacArthur]] in Khaki on August 2, 1945.")
![Pullman rail car]], in traditional brown.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Abraham_Lincoln_Pullman_Car.png?width=200 "Pullman rail car]], in traditional brown.")
![Sahara Desert]] around the Kufra Oasis, [[Libya]], seen from space](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kufra-space-radar.jpg?width=200 "Sahara Desert]] around the Kufra Oasis, [[Libya]], seen from space")
![[[Chocolate]]. A [[sachertorte]] in a Vienna cafe.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sachertorte DSC03027.JPG?width=200 "[[Chocolate]]. A [[sachertorte]] in a Vienna cafe.")
![[[Oak]] barrels in a winery in [[Chianti]], Italy.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Large botti size oak barrels in Chianti.jpg?width=200 "[[Oak]] barrels in a winery in [[Chianti]], Italy.")
![People dressed as 1st World War soldiers as part of the commemoration of the battle of the Somme. The word khaki means "earth" in the [[Persian language]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Somme Commemoration in Birmingham City Centre 5 (28021804865).jpg?width=200 "People dressed as 1st World War soldiers as part of the commemoration of the battle of the Somme. The word khaki means \"earth\" in the [[Persian language]].")
![A dun-colored horse. Donn is the word for brown in the Scottish and Irish [[Gaelic languages]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Návrat divokých koní 2013 6.jpg?width=200 "A dun-colored horse. Donn is the word for brown in the Scottish and Irish [[Gaelic languages]].")
![Pieces of natural [[amber]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Amber Bernstein many stones.jpg?width=200 "Pieces of natural [[amber]]")
![spray tanned]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SBFF SM 2019 Bodybuilding +95 kg Winners.jpg?width=200 "spray tanned]].")
![Pieces of [[caramel]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Caramels.jpg?width=200 "Pieces of [[caramel]].")
![A [[sepia tone]] photograph (1895)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jabez Hughes after Cundall & Howlett - Heroes of the Crimean War - Sergeant John Geary, Thomas Onslow and Lance Corporal Patrick Carthay of the 95th (Derbyshire) Regiment of Foot.jpg?width=200 "A [[sepia tone]] photograph (1895)")
![A monk of the [[Franciscan order]]. Plain brown wool symbolizes humility.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Monk church of transfiguration.jpg?width=200 "A monk of the [[Franciscan order]]. Plain brown wool symbolizes humility.")
![An [[ochre]] quarry in France](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ockerfelsen in Roussillon IMGP0704.jpg?width=200 "An [[ochre]] quarry in France")
![Layers of [[soil]] in Ireland. Dark brown soil usually contains a high amount of decayed organic matter.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stagnogley.JPG?width=200 "Layers of [[soil]] in Ireland. Dark brown soil usually contains a high amount of decayed organic matter.")
![Different sorts of [[chestnut]]s](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chataignes.JPG?width=200 "Different sorts of [[chestnut]]s")
![russet]], a coarse brown homespun cloth.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Russet_potato.jpg?width=200 "russet]], a coarse brown homespun cloth.")
![[[Beige]] is a very light brown color, taking its name from the French word for the color of natural wool.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Royal Winter Fair Wool.jpg?width=200 "[[Beige]] is a very light brown color, taking its name from the French word for the color of natural wool.")
![[[Puce]] is defined in the United States and UK as a brownish-purple or purple-brown color.Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language, College Edition, 1964Oxford English Dictionary In France, where it was invented, it is described as a dark reddish brown."Brun rouge assez foncé." ''Le Petit Rober''t (1988).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Triple Alliance.png?width=200 "[[Puce]] is defined in the United States and UK as a brownish-purple or purple-brown color.Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language, College Edition, 1964Oxford English Dictionary In France, where it was invented, it is described as a dark reddish brown.\"Brun rouge assez foncé.\" ''Le Petit Rober''t (1988).")
![Mole]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Talpa europaea MHNT.jpg?width=200 "Mole]].")
![drab]] is a dull light brown, which takes its name from ''drap'', the old French word for undyed wool cloth.''Oxford English Dictionary'' It is best known for the olive-green shade called [[olive drab]], formerly worn by U.S. soldiers. Drab has come to mean dull, lifeless and monotonous.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Beige wool texture.jpg?width=200 "drab]] is a dull light brown, which takes its name from ''drap'', the old French word for undyed wool cloth.''Oxford English Dictionary'' It is best known for the olive-green shade called [[olive drab]], formerly worn by U.S. soldiers. Drab has come to mean dull, lifeless and monotonous.")
![The clay soil near [[Siena]], Italy, is the color called raw [[sienna]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sovicille, Province of Siena, Italy - panoramio (1).jpg?width=200 "The clay soil near [[Siena]], Italy, is the color called raw [[sienna]].")
Википедия
The brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), also known as the common rat, street rat, sewer rat, wharf rat, Hanover rat, Norway rat and Norwegian rat, is a widespread species of common rat. One of the largest muroids, it is a brown or grey rodent with a head and body length of up to 28 cm (11 in) long, and a tail slightly shorter than that. It weighs between 140 and 500 g (4.9 and 17.6 oz). Thought to have originated in northern China and neighbouring areas, this rodent has now spread to all continents except Antarctica, and is the dominant rat in Europe and much of North America. With rare exceptions, the brown rat lives wherever humans live, particularly in urban areas.
Selective breeding of the brown rat has produced the fancy rat (rats kept as pets), as well as the laboratory rat (rats used as model organisms in biological research). Both fancy rats and laboratory rats are of the domesticated subspecies Rattus norvegicus domestica. Studies of wild rats in New York City have shown that populations living in different neighborhoods can evolve distinct genomic profiles over time, by slowly accruing different traits.
